Guide:Daedalus: Difference between revisions

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|history= TNG (Dave Stern ‘Daedalus’, A Mangels and M Martin ‘Last Full Measure’ et al., D Ward and K Dilmore ‘Foundations’, SFC/FASA Horizon, MJ Friedman ‘Starfleet: Year One’, own)
|history= TNG (Dave Stern ‘Daedalus’, A Mangels and M Martin ‘Last Full Measure’ et al., D Ward and K Dilmore ‘Foundations’, SFC/FASA Horizon, MJ Friedman ‘Starfleet: Year One’, own)
}}
}}
By the beginning of the [[22nd century]], it had become painfully clear that there never could be a Dominion of [[Earth]] in the immediate vicinity of [[Sol]]. The seeming power vacuum in the region was but an illusion, as long as the powerful [[Vulcan]]s refused to let anybody fill it. Yet humans had ventured to the stars when the fierce interstellar competition of Vulcans and [[Andoria]]ns was reaching its peak. Moreover, the Klingons were recovering from their bitter defeats, and once again heading for conquest, this time driven by a new, dangerously fanatic warrior mythos.
By the beginning of the 22nd century, it had become painfully clear that there never could be a
Dominion of Earth in the immediate vicinity of Sol. The seeming power vacuum in the region was
but an illusion, as long as the powerful Vulcans refused to let anybody fill it. Yet humans had ventured to the stars when the fierce interstellar competition of Vulcans and Andorians was
reaching its peak. Moreover, the Klingons were recovering from their bitter defeats, and once again
heading for conquest, this time driven by a new, dangerously fanatic warrior mythos.


This was not just a threat but an opportunity for Earth. In place of old nationalism, humanity now experienced its first bout of specieism, as it strove to explore and exploit space as independently as humanly possible. To increase the reach of its survey ships beyond the space already explored by Vulcans, the team led by the venerable Zephram Cochrane initiated in [[2115]] the development of a new series of warp engines. These would be necessary for warp four or five cruising, a feat far beyond the capabilities of clumsy Earth spacecraft so far. Even though this speed range was already available to the more refined Vulcan ships, the Vulcan spacecraft of which Earth designers had data available met none of the basic requirements of the [[UESF]] – foremost of these the requirement of being reproducible using Earth technology.  
This was not just a threat but an opportunity for Earth. In place of old nationalism, humanity now
experienced its first bout of specieism, as it strove to explore and exploit space as independently as
humanly possible. To increase the reach of human survey ships beyond the space already explored
by Vulcans, the team led by the venerable Zephram Cochrane initiated in 2115 the development of a
new series of warp engines. These would be necessary for warp four or five cruising, a feat far
beyond the capabilities of clumsy Earth spacecraft so far. Even though this speed range was already
available to the more refined Vulcan ships, the Vulcan spacecraft of which Earth designers had data
available met none of the basic requirements of UESF – foremost of these the requirement of being
reproducible using Earth technology.


Basic research on warp dynamics was funded by Earth government, soon to be followed by joint research efforts with leading Vulcan scientists. Slow progress gave ammunition to the specieist factions, however, as it was argued that the Vulcans were not volunteering sufficient data and expertise. Cochrane himself denied the charges, as did most of his closest associates. Yet subdivisions emerged within the project, and by [[2136]], there were four parallel lines of warp engine development underway. Two of them were to lead to actual spacecraft applications, and have later generally been associated with the names of the resulting classes. Project Enterprise was headed by Henry Archer in close cooperation with Vulcans. Project '''Daedalus''', under the lead of Victor Brodesser, took a different approach altogether, and shared no data whatsoever with interstellar allies.
Basic research on warp dynamics was funded by Earth government, soon to be followed by joint
research efforts with leading Vulcan scientists. Slow progress gave ammunition to the specieist
factions, however, as it was argued that the Vulcans were not volunteering sufficient data and
expertise. Cochrane himself denied the charges, as did most of his closest associates. Yet
subdivisions emerged within the project, and by 2136, there were four parallel lines of warp engine
development underway. Two of them were to lead to actual spacecraft applications, and have later
generally been associated with the names of the resulting classes. Project Enterprise was headed by
Henry Archer in close cooperation with Vulcans. Project Daedalus, under the lead of Victor
Brodesser, took a different approach altogether, and shared no data whatsoever with interstellar
allies.


Common to both projects was a new warp concept of two-lobed distorted fields, created by rapidly modulating the plasma streams feeding the engine coils. The field would no longer be symmetrical in the plane of the nacelles; the bow and stern portions of the field would be off-centerline by roughly equal amounts. This field configuration did not immediately promise any quantum leaps in speed or endurance, but warp theorists were convinced that the asymmetry would some day be harnessed to produce significantly more effective drives.  
Common to both projects was a new warp concept of two-lobed distorted fields, created by rapidly
modulating the plasma streams feeding the engine coils. The field would no longer be symmetrical
in the plane of the nacelles; the bow and stern portions of the field would be off-centerline by
roughly equal amounts. This field configuration did not immediately promise any quantum leaps in
speed or endurance, but warp theorists were convinced that the asymmetry would some day be
harnessed to produce significantly more effective drives.


Even the marginal advantages gained by the new system were worth exploiting, so when the UESF in [[2134]] decided it was time for a new survey ship type, the diminutive class was ordered built with pronounced asymmetry. As could be guessed, the UESF had its sights set farther than just survey missions. Propulsive technology downselection quickly ruled out traditional approaches, leaving Archer’s antimatter-spiced superengine and Brodesser’s cascade ion drive system. Although the former had a greater number of test rig flights under its belt, the latter fit better with the political aims of the project.  
Even the marginal advantages gained by the new system were worth exploiting, so when UESF in
2134 decided it was time for a new survey ship type, the surveyor was ordered built with
pronounced asymmetry. As could be guessed, UESF had its sights set farther than just survey
missions. Propulsive technology downselection quickly ruled out traditional approaches, leaving
Archer’s antimatter-spiced superengine and Brodesser’s cascading ion drive system. Although the
former had a greater number of test rig flights under its belt, the latter fit better with the political
aims of the project.


[[Image:No Photo Available.jpg|left|300px|thumb|Henry Archer and Victor Brodesser standing next to a portrait of Zephram Cochrane. The iconic “ABC” photograph idealizes Earth’s innovative spirit, yet belies the fact that most of the improvements in Cochranean warp technology and theory were the result of dialogue with more experienced cultures.]]
[[Image:No Photo Available.jpg|left|300px|thumb|Henry Archer and Victor Brodesser standing next to a portrait of Zephram Cochrane. The iconic ‘ABC’ photograph
idealizes Earth’s innovative spirit, yet belies the fact that most of the improvements in Cochranean warp technology and
theory were the result of dialogue with more experienced cultures.]]


Operational experience was to be gathered as quickly as possible, so that the technology could be applied on sorely needed modern combat vessels. Thus, the ''Daedalus'' design was cut down in size thrice within four years, ending up as a modest proof-of-concept demonstrator. Characteristic of the downscaled but updated design was the application of classic Earth hull forms in an innovative configuration. A cylindrar hull outwardly similar to the old Earth designs but arranged into longitudal decks was to be attached to a command sphere by a strong tubular keel. Due to the new field configuration, the keel was off-center of both the cylinder and the sphere, providing a structural challenge to UESF engineers.  
Operational experience was to be gathered as quickly as possible, so that the technology could be
applied on sorely needed modern combat vessels. Thus, the Daedalus design was cut down in size
thrice within four years, ending up as a modest proof-of-concept demonstrator. Characteristic of the
downscaled but updated design was the application of classic Earth hull forms in an innovative
configuration. A cylindrar hull outwardly similar to the old Earth designs but arranged into
longitudal decks was to be attached to a command sphere by a strong tubular keel. Due to the new
field configuration, the keel was off-center of both the cylinder and the sphere, providing a
structural challenge to UESF engineers.


The ultra-compact, 70 m, barely 22,000 ton nacelles designated PB-2 were also mounted out of the mass distribution centerplane. The engines, the first of the highly successful PB series by Cochrane Warp Dynamics to be put to operational use, held the promise of providing warp three cruising. With Brodesser’s revolutionary CID powerplant, warp five could be reached for a few hours, and the wildest projections suggested a dash speed well beyond warp seven. This first dividend of the warp development project was eagerly awaited both in UESF defense and exploratory arms. The effort would finally be moving beyond test rig stage and into operational testing; production of true cruisers and destroyers would immediately follow, were the ''Daedalus'' to succeed.
The ultra-compact, 70 m, barely 22,000 ton nacelles were also mounted out of the mass distribution
centerplane. The engines, the first of the highly successful series by Cochrane Warp Dynamics to be
put to operational use, and designated PB-2 in the new military propulsion block coding scheme,
held the promise of providing warp three cruising. With Brodesser’s revolutionary CID powerplant,
warp five could be reached for a few hours, and the wildest projections suggested a dash speed well
beyond warp seven. This first dividend of the warp development project was eagerly awaited both in
UESF defense and exploratory arms. The effort would finally be moving beyond test rig stage and
into operational testing; production of true cruisers and destroyers would immediately follow, were
the Daedalus to succeed.


Another test article shouldered on the humble survey ship was a radically compacted and improved reaction drive. Gravitics-augmented reaction engines were installed on the aft ends of the nacelles, taking the form of rings or plates perforated by tiny engine nozzles. Accelerations up to 400 gravities were promised; more importantly, fuel consumption in normal operations would be halved from the semi-Newtonian requirements of classic Singh-type rockets.
Another test article shouldered on the humble survey ship was a radically compacted and improved
reaction drive. Gravitics-augmented reaction engines were installed on the aft ends of the nacelles,
taking the form of rings or plates perforated by tiny engine nozzles. Principal sublight engines were
housed semi-externally in cowlings flanking the stern of the secondary hull. Accelerations up to 400
gravities were promised; more importantly, fuel consumption in normal operations would be halved
from the semi-Newtonian requirements of classic Singh-type rockets.


Despite the downscaling, the secondary hull was to house three major mission elements. The forward compartment consisted of the main ion cascade powerplant, producing energy densities far in excess of fusion designs. Its radiators covered much of the dorsal outer surface of the hull. The second major compartment in the auxiliary hull was the shuttle hangar with stern sliding doors 20 m wide and 3 m high. Inside, pressurized corridors and locks enabled direct boarding of the two shuttlepods with the hangar unpressurized. Above the doors was an approach control room. Below, holds for storage of equipment, consumables and samples, as well as laboratories and workshops, could be directly accessed from the shuttlebay. Together with an array of eighteen probe deployment tubes, these facilities provided the actual survey muscle of the vessel, and formed the third major partition of the hull.
Despite the downscaling, the secondary hull was to house three major mission elements. The
forward compartment consisted of the main ion cascade powerplant, producing energy densities far
in excess of fusion designs. Its radiators covered much of the dorsal outer surface of the hull. The
second major compartment in the auxiliary hull was the shuttle hangar with stern sliding doors 20 m
wide and 3 m high. Inside, pressurized corridors and locks enabled direct boarding of the two
shuttlepods with the hangar unpressurized. Above the doors was an approach control room. Below,
holds for storage of equipment, consumables and samples, as well as laboratories and workshops,
could be directly accessed from the shuttlebay. Together with an array of probe deployment tubes,
these facilities provided the actual survey muscle of the vessel, and formed the third major partition
of the hull.


In the command sphere lay cramped accommodation for most of the proposed 74 crew, plus command, control and communications equipment. Also mounted here were self-defense plasma cannon or lasers as well as advanced sensors capable of scanning ahead 1.5 ly in realtime in ideal conditions – rather respectable combat systems for a ship officially intended for peaceful survey duty. The 300 MW lasers were the preferred fit, as they at least served a secondary scientific purpose as precision spectroscopy tools. In an extreme emergency, the sphere could be severed from the rest of the ship, maneuvering to safety with RCS engines and possibly even making planetfall with the help of gigantic parachutes stowed around the bridge at the top level of the sphere.
In the command sphere lay cramped accommodation for most of the proposed 74 crew, plus
command, control and communications equipment. Also to be mounted here were self-defense
plasma cannon or lasers as well as advanced sensors capable of scanning ahead 1.5 ly in realtime in
ideal conditions – rather respectable combat systems for a ship officially intended for peaceful
survey duty. The 300 MW lasers were the preferred fit, as they would at least serve a secondary scientific purpose as precision spectroscopy tools. In an extreme emergency, the sphere could be
severed from the rest of the ship, maneuvering to safety with RCS engines and possibly even
making planetfall with the help of gigantic parachutes stowed around the bridge at the top level of
the sphere. Actual introduction of weaponry or planetfall gear was to wait for the completion of the
test program, however.


Neither jettison systems nor defensive weapons could save the ''Daedalus'' from disaster, however, when in October 5th, [[2140]], the entire drive chain blew up at the warp four threshold. Lost with the vessel were professor Brodesser and chief test pilot Duvall. Lost, too, was the UESF’s confidence in the ion cascade system, and all funding was diverted to the ‘Archer drive’.
Neither jettison systems nor defensive weapons could have saved the Daedalus from disaster when
in October 5th, 2140, the entire drive chain blew up at the warp four threshold. Lost with the vessel
were professor Brodesser and chief test pilot Duvall. Lost, too, was UESF confidence in the ion
cascade system, and all funding was diverted to the ‘Archer drive’.


The basic design of the surveyors was still quite sound, and a more conventional powerplant choice allowed continuation of the program. The ambitious little vessel was first fielded operationally in [[2145]], and pompously still designated ‘survey cruiser’. The first unit completed, ''USS Horizon'', entered a long period of trials at  Centauri, away from the prying eyes of the Vulcans, to verify operational safety. In [[2146]], the PB-2 engines were given an official clearance for warp 3 cruising to give the ''Horizon'' and her three somewhat prematurely procured sisters ''Archon'', ''Bastion'' and ''Essex'' active status in the UESF, yet repeatedly failed to perform in practice.  
[[Image:No Photo Available.jpg|left|300px|thumb|The CID testbed ship Daedalus undergoing final preparations above Earth. Unique to the experimental vessel are the large
portholes, the slightly curved shapes of the forward engineering hull, the dorsal and lateral radiators and the protruding
cowlings of the impulse units.]]


[[Image:No Photo Available.jpg|left|300px|thumb|Koziumi’s neo-cubistic “Wings of Infinity”, adorning the offices of Advanced Starship Design Bureau. Interestingly enough, the color scheme is completely realistic for the early [[2150s]], from the golden forward reactor cover to the blue-gray hull armor and transverse tricolor stripes. Generally thought to have been painted in situ on high Martian orbit, the work in fact dates to [[2159]], when Koziumi no longer served aboard the ''Horizon''.]]
The basic design of the surveyors was still quite sound, and a more conventional powerplant choice
and a slight revamping of the impulse propulsion system to conform to the new power arrangements
allowed continuation of the program. The ambitious little vessel was first fielded operationally in
2145. The first regular unit completed, USS Horizon, was equipped with a fairly conventional
spiked-fusion powerplant and eighteen impulse engines in a ring surrounding the stern, and entered
a long period of trials at a Centauri, away from the prying eyes of the Vulcans, to verify operational
safety. In 2146, the PB-2 engines were given an official clearance for warp 3 cruising to afford the
Horizon and her somewhat prematurely procured sisters Archon, Kon-Tiki, Essex and Yeager active
status in the UESF. Further production was also allocated for the following decade. Between 2145
and 2155, the five surveyors still comprised some 15% of Earth’s high warp fleet, and were frequently called to arms, typically hauling troops to exercises or to limited interstellar military
action.


At the outbreak of open war against the Romulans, the four lilliputian surveyors still comprised some 10% of Earth’s warp 3 fleet, and were called to arms. They were hastily endowed with no less than six Type C phased particle cannon, and a ventral battery of four lasers was added to the artillery. The weapons were not given armored gunports, but protruded directly to the outer surface, a rare sight indeed in Earth vessels of the era, and rarer still in essentially noncombatant survey ships. A final step in turning the surveyors into gunships was the adding of missile magazines and an aft-firing launcher in the shuttle hangar. Thankfully, precious few combat incidents put to test these weapons, added as an extreme desperation measure. For most of the war, the ''Horizon'' and the ''Bastion'' sat idle at [[Sol]], making only short patrol runs ‘around the block’ as engineers struggled to make the ships behave as planned.
[[Image:No Photo Available.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Koziumi’s neo-cubistic ‘Wings of Infinity’, adorning the offices of Advanced Starship Design Bureau. Interestingly enough,
the color scheme is completely realistic for the early 2150s, from the golden forward deflector to the blue-gray hull armor
and transverse tricolor stripes. Generally thought to have been painted in situ on high Martian orbit, the work in fact dates
to 2159, when Koziumi no longer served aboard the Horizon.]]


By [[2161]], the role of desperation in Earth’s starflight programs was greatly reduced, and specieism was receding as well. The survey cruiser project was back on full speed, and expert opinions from war veterans and civilian researchers alike were being collected by the newly formed Committee for [[Starfleet]]. Several modifications were made to the equipment suite, such as removal of at least four of the phase cannon as too massive and redundant, further removal of the rather ridiculous missile system and the lightspeed defense lasers, and installation of two warp-accelerated lasers in their stead. Rationalizing of the armament was followed by adoption of modern mission gear, including an improved suite of short range sensors and a transporter system. A new generation of shipboard subspace transmitters was introduced to allow unboosted communication across twenty lightyears (although in practice, the ships often operated beyond this distance from [[UFP]] outposts). Also, multilayer subspace shielding was introduced. With this protective capacity, hull armor was rendered superfluous, and various sensor and weapon ports and even the top of the main bridge were peeled out from beneath the layers of cumbersome plating.
The outbreak of open war against the Romulans revealed that Earth did not enjoy a qualitative
superiority against the new enemy. Heavy starships sent to individually defend UE frontier interests
The warp engines were finally accepted in their PB-2A4 form, so radically different from the miserable PB-2 that the designation was called “deliberately and dangerously misleading” by the UE Senate experts who had been fooled to support the funding of the deadline-busting project. In a symbolically opposite move, UFP Starfleet wholeheartedly endorsed the decision to refer to the vessels as the ''Daedalus'' class once again.
were easily destroyed in detail, throwing the entire UESF defense strategy to chaos and endangering
Earth itself. Compensating for the losses quantitatively was a matter of utmost urgency; the
Horizons, simple to build in terms of size and complexity alike, were placed on top of the
procurement list. As reports on the exact nature of the early losses started coming in, it was realized
that another facet of simplicity might provide a defensive edge as well: the somewhat primitive
computing systems of the Horizons would be inherently less vulnerable to Romulan cyberattacks.


Specieism or not, the commissioning of the ''Daedalus'' ships can be seen as the first baby step in Earth’s policy of taking a leading role within the UFP. Operationally, survey projects would surely have been better served by adoption of existing Vulcan or Andorian research vessels. Politically, it was important for Earth to show that it could build things besides hard-striking warships and intrusive tramps. The move yielded unexpected political dividends as well. The voyages of the ''Daedalus'' ships, from the first three-year sortie by the ''Horizon'' (now NCC-176) on, first truly revealed the extent of humanlike cultures in the sectors bordering on UFP space. The potential for a Dominion of Earth had indeed awaited just beyond the rim of explored space.  
The newbuilds were hastily endowed with no less than six Type C phased particle cannon, and a
battery of four lasers was added to the artillery. The stern was modified to accommodate a new,
more compact and capable impulse propulsion system. A final step in turning the surveyors into
combat vessels was the adding of missile magazines and a twin launcher at the bow of the
secondary hull, under a navigational deflector dish that also boosted tactical scanning with its
subspace fields. Pennants were repainted to match the new combat corvette status, with NCC
replacing NSV as the mission class identifier.


Time for that was now irrevocably past, yet ambitions of influence remained. The technological standard represented by Earth’s interstellar messengers was not yet formidable enough to cement alliances with any but the least advanced worlds, but the precedent was set for Earth policy to be followed when more capable ships would be promoting it. Indeed, Earth’s contribution to Starfleet did emerge as a political force of note, first as a tool of protection against the Romulan threat, then as a peacekeeper force to settle the differences within the UFP – between the arrogantly self-conscious [[Tellar]]ites, proud and reclusive Andorians, still largely enigmatic Vulcans, and the wildly multicultural peoples of the ancient [[Rigel]] colonies. Later these alliances would lead to the new members participating in exploration aboard vessels operated by the joint Federation Starfleet.
[[Image:No Photo Available.jpg|right|300px|thumb|The wartime guise. The 2158 action shot of USS Pilgrim (NCC-82 in the UESF scheme) demonstrates the gunmetal color
scheme, the PB-2A4 engines with their quadruple intercoolers, domed plasma diffusers and reinforced pylons, and the new
‘combat bow’ of the secondary hull. Absent are the original radiators of the ion cascade drive and the impulse engine
cowlings; the new impulse drive is wholly contained in the lower part of the cylindrar add-on to the stern.]]


It is perhaps just a stroke of incredible luck that the second interstellar expansion of humans began in a time and place not occupied by any other expansion-driven race or alliance. Major local conflicts like the Erselrope wars raged thousands of lightyears away, but UFP had little or no knowledge of them at the time. Nor did humans have the slightest idea of the powers they had unleashed when unwittingly challenging the Klingon Empire. The ''Daedalus'' ships encountered little resistance in their journeys, letting the war-weary veterans of the Romulan conflict commanding them to establish the network of alliances in the spirit of peace and cooperation. Still, their trusting and easygoing attitude in encounters with near-human cultures led to varying degrees of cultural contamination and in fact proved near-disastrous in later contacts with more alien mindsets.
The Yeager (now NCC-76) was lost at the Deneva ambush, yet production of sister keels was well
underway already. Meanwhile, the Archon (NCC-71) and Essex (NCC-73) served as wargame
adversaries, while the Horizon (NCC-70) and Kon-Tiki (NCC-72) sat idle at Sol, making only short
patrol runs ‘around the block’ as engineers struggled to make the ships behave as planned. The warp
engines were finally accepted in their PB-2A4 form, so radically different from the miserable PB-2
that the designation was called ‘deliberately and dangerously misleading’ by the UE Senate experts
who had been fooled to support the funding of the deadline-busting project. In a symbolically
opposite move, UESF wholeheartedly endorsed the decision to refer to the vessels as the Daedalus
class once again.


[[Image:No Photo Available.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Shuttlecraft on approach to ''USS Essex''. The ship is seen in UFP Starfleet duty in [[2163]], in the new light beige paint scheme with high-visibility NCC registries. Absent are visually identifiable gunports or the original radiators of the ion cascade drive, but otherwise the ''Essex'' still looks like her late sister from quarter a century before. The cramped little design would continue service for another quarter, but fate would not be so kind to the ''Essex'' herself.]]
No fewer than sixty-seven Daedalus corvettes were eventually completed, nineteen of them in time
for the April 2156 Berengarian counteroffensive that denied Romulans a swift and categorical
victory. The stopgap nature of these vessels was painfully evidenced by the fact that seven were lost
at Berengaria already, and six more during the following year of fighting. The vessels were
relegated to secondary roles soon thereafter.


While the first application of the asymmetric field configuration had not resulted in a revolution in warp technology, it had at least proved that warp three cruising was attainable without the miracle powerplants of Archer or Brodesser. Some engineers said this meant that the winning formula had been found, that all that stood between Starfleet and warp ten now was the lack of a power source potent and reliable enough. Others still claimed that there had to be a good reason why none of the neighboring cultures had managed to develop ships capable of speeds exceeding warp seven, and that further breakthroughs in warp coil design and field manipulation would be needed as well. But this was still in far future when Starfleet in [[2196]] retired the last of the ''Daedalus'' ships from exploration use.
----


Most of the surveyors were scrapped, but a few were modified to serve as support vessels for [[UESPA]], [[FAS]] and [[SCE]] activities, and some were sold as light cargo ships for civilian applications. ''USS Archon'' (NCC-189), ''USS Horizon'' (NCC-176) and ''USS Essex'' (NCC-173) had been lost in exploration action, while ''USS Columbia'' (NCC-177) had in [[2188]] succumbed to a Klingon raid in military picket duty, for which she was ill equipped.
By 2161, the role of desperation in Earth’s starflight programs was greatly reduced, and specieism
was receding as well. The survey cruiser project was back on full speed, and expert opinions from
war veterans and civilian researchers alike were being collected by the newly formed Committee for
Starfleet. Several modifications were made to the equipment suite of the Daedalus class, such as
removal of at least four of the phase cannon as too massive and redundant, further removal of the
rather ridiculous twin missile system and the lightspeed defense lasers, and installation of two warpaccelerated
laser banks in their stead. Rationalizing of the armament was followed by adoption of
modern mission gear, including an improved suite of short range sensors and transporters as well as
tractor beams. A new generation of shipboard subspace transmitters was introduced to allow
unboosted communication across twenty lightyears (although in practice, the ships often operated
beyond this distance from UFP outposts). Also, multilayer subspace shielding was introduced. With this protective capacity, hull armor was rendered superfluous, and various sensor and weapon ports
and even the top of the main bridge were peeled out from beneath the layers of cumbersome plating.
 
Specieism or not, the postwar recommissioning of the Daedalus vessels as deep space surveyors can
be seen as the first baby step in Earth’s policy of taking a leading role within the UFP. Operationally,
survey projects would surely have been better served by adoption of existing Vulcan or Andorian
research vessels. Politically, it was important for Earth to show that it could build things besides hardstriking
warships and intrusive tramps. The move yielded unexpected political dividends as well. The
voyages of the Daedalus ships, from the first three-year sortie by the Horizon (now NCC-176) on, first
truly revealed the extent of humanlike cultures in the sectors bordering on UFP space. The potential
for a Dominion of Earth had indeed waited just beyond the rim of explored space.
 
Time for that was now irrevocably past, yet ambitions of influence remained. The technological
standard represented by Earth’s interstellar messengers was not yet formidable enough to cement
alliances with any but the least advanced worlds, but the precedent was set for Earth policy to be
followed when more capable ships would be promoting it. Indeed, Earth’s contribution to Starfleet did
emerge as a political force of note, first as a tool of protection against the Romulan threat, then as a
peacekeeper force to settle the differences within the UFP – between the arrogantly self-conscious
Tellarites, proud and reclusive Andorians, still largely enigmatic Vulcans, and the wildly multicultural
peoples of the ancient Rigel colonies. Later these alliances would lead to the new members participating
in exploration aboard vessels operated by the joint Federation Starfleet.
 
It is perhaps just a stroke of incredible luck that the second interstellar expansion of humans began in a
time and place not occupied by any other expansion-driven race or alliance. Major local conflicts like
the Erselrope wars raged thousands of lightyears away, but UFP had little or no knowledge of them at
the time. Nor did humans have the slightest idea of the powers they had unleashed when unwittingly
challenging the Klingon Empire. The Daedalus ships encountered little resistance in their journeys,
letting the war-weary veterans of the Romulan conflict commanding them to establish the network of
alliances in the spirit of peace and cooperation. Still, their trusting and easygoing attitude in encounters
with near-human cultures led to varying degrees of cultural contamination and in fact proved neardisastrous
in later contacts with more alien mindsets.
 
[[Image:No Photo Available.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Shuttlecraft on approach to USS Essex. The ship is seen in UFP Starfleet duty in 2163, in the new light beige paint scheme
with high-visibility NCC registries, sporting PB-13 deep space warp nacelles. Visually identifiable gunports are gone now, replaced by a range of sensor orifices. The ‘combat bow’ is cut off and the stump faired over, restoring the looks of the Essex close to those of her late sister from quarter a century before. The cramped little design would continue service for
another quarter, but fate would not be so kind to the Essex herself.]]
 
While the first application of the asymmetric field configuration had not resulted in a revolution in
warp technology, it had at least proved that warp three cruising was attainable without the miracle
powerplants of Archer or Brodesser. Some engineers said this meant that the winning formula had
been found, that all that stood between Starfleet and warp ten now was the lack of a power source
potent and reliable enough. Others still claimed that there had to be a good reason why none of the
neighboring cultures had managed to develop ships capable of speeds exceeding warp seven, and
that further breakthroughs in warp coil design and field manipulation would be needed as well. But
this was still in far future when Starfleet in 2196 retired the last of the Daedalus ships from
exploration use.
 
Most of the surveyors were scrapped, but a few were modified to serve as support vessels for
UESPA, FAS and SCE activities, and some were sold as light cargo ships for civilian applications.
USS Archon (NCC-189), USS Horizon (NCC-176) and USS Essex (NCC-173) had been lost in
exploration action, while USS Lindbergh (NCC-177) had in 2188 succumbed to a Klingon raid in
military picket duty, for which she was ill equipped.


==Gallery==
==Gallery==

Revision as of 05:57, 16 November 2014

Daedalus class survey cruiser
Daedalus
Class Overview
Category Survey Cruiser/Corvette
Operational 2145 - 2196
Constructed 72 total
  • 1 Daedalus CID testbed
  • 67 Horizon (later Daedalus) corvettes
  • 5 Daedalus survey cruisers
Dimensions
Length 103.0 m
Beam 45.1 m
Height 34.0 m
Mass
  • 47,300 tons (CID testbed)
  • 48,800 tons (original survey configuration)
  • 49,900 tons (Romulan War corvette configuration)
  • 54,500 tons (final survey configuration)
Performance
Cruise Speed w 3
Max Speed
  • w 5 (CID testbed)
  • w 3.25 (wartime standard)
  • w 4 (final survey standard)
Endurance 4 years
Complement
Officers 12
Enlisted 62


Passengers up to 25 research staff


Tactical Systems
Beam Weapons

CID testbed
none Original survey & support configuration

  • 4x berths for laser emitters (300 MW) or plasma cannon (2.0 GW) (primary hull)

Romulan War configuration

  • 4x berths for laser emitters (300 MW) or plasma cannon (2.0 GW) (primary hull)
  • 4x laser emitters (300 MW) (primary hull)
  • 1x to 3x Type C phased particle cannon (100 GW) (fwd secondary hull)
  • 1x to 3x Type C phased particle cannon (100 GW) (aft secondary hull)

Final survey configuration

  • 1x or 2x Type C phased particle cannon (100 GW) (fwd secondary hull)
  • 2x laser emitters (400 MW) (primary hull)
Missile Weapons

Romulan War configuration

  • 1x fwd missile tube (w/50-200 fusion or penetration missiles or mines)
  • 1x aft missile tube (w/50-200 fusion or penetration missiles or mines)
Shields
  • Electromagnetic shield (29 T)
  • 4-layer graviton/subspace globular shield (later upgraded to all vessels)
  • Polarizable armor (primary and secondary hull, later removed)
  • Navigational deflector (secondary hull bow)
Laboratories
  • 2 GP
  • 1 planetary sciences
  • 1 life sciences/chemistry
Transporters
  • 1 GP (1-pad)
  • Mk 1 (final survey configuration)
Auxiliary Craft
  • 2 atmospheric shuttlepods
Historical
Ships of Note
  • USS Archon (NCC-71/NCC-189)
  • USS Essex (NCC-73/NCC-173)
  • USS Horizon (NCC-70/NCC-176)
  • USS Lovell (NCC-189/NCC-470)
  • USS Yeager (NCC-76)
Canonicity
Design DS9 (Omnipedia, Legacy computer game, SFC/FASA Horizon specs)
Name TNG (Omnipedia, SFC/FASA Horizon, Dave Stern ‘Daedalus’)
History TNG (Dave Stern ‘Daedalus’, A Mangels and M Martin ‘Last Full Measure’ et al., D Ward and K Dilmore ‘Foundations’, SFC/FASA Horizon, MJ Friedman ‘Starfleet: Year One’, own)



By the beginning of the 22nd century, it had become painfully clear that there never could be a Dominion of Earth in the immediate vicinity of Sol. The seeming power vacuum in the region was but an illusion, as long as the powerful Vulcans refused to let anybody fill it. Yet humans had ventured to the stars when the fierce interstellar competition of Vulcans and Andorians was reaching its peak. Moreover, the Klingons were recovering from their bitter defeats, and once again heading for conquest, this time driven by a new, dangerously fanatic warrior mythos.

This was not just a threat but an opportunity for Earth. In place of old nationalism, humanity now experienced its first bout of specieism, as it strove to explore and exploit space as independently as humanly possible. To increase the reach of human survey ships beyond the space already explored by Vulcans, the team led by the venerable Zephram Cochrane initiated in 2115 the development of a new series of warp engines. These would be necessary for warp four or five cruising, a feat far beyond the capabilities of clumsy Earth spacecraft so far. Even though this speed range was already available to the more refined Vulcan ships, the Vulcan spacecraft of which Earth designers had data available met none of the basic requirements of UESF – foremost of these the requirement of being reproducible using Earth technology.

Basic research on warp dynamics was funded by Earth government, soon to be followed by joint research efforts with leading Vulcan scientists. Slow progress gave ammunition to the specieist factions, however, as it was argued that the Vulcans were not volunteering sufficient data and expertise. Cochrane himself denied the charges, as did most of his closest associates. Yet subdivisions emerged within the project, and by 2136, there were four parallel lines of warp engine development underway. Two of them were to lead to actual spacecraft applications, and have later generally been associated with the names of the resulting classes. Project Enterprise was headed by Henry Archer in close cooperation with Vulcans. Project Daedalus, under the lead of Victor Brodesser, took a different approach altogether, and shared no data whatsoever with interstellar allies.

Common to both projects was a new warp concept of two-lobed distorted fields, created by rapidly modulating the plasma streams feeding the engine coils. The field would no longer be symmetrical in the plane of the nacelles; the bow and stern portions of the field would be off-centerline by roughly equal amounts. This field configuration did not immediately promise any quantum leaps in speed or endurance, but warp theorists were convinced that the asymmetry would some day be harnessed to produce significantly more effective drives.

Even the marginal advantages gained by the new system were worth exploiting, so when UESF in 2134 decided it was time for a new survey ship type, the surveyor was ordered built with pronounced asymmetry. As could be guessed, UESF had its sights set farther than just survey missions. Propulsive technology downselection quickly ruled out traditional approaches, leaving Archer’s antimatter-spiced superengine and Brodesser’s cascading ion drive system. Although the former had a greater number of test rig flights under its belt, the latter fit better with the political aims of the project.

Henry Archer and Victor Brodesser standing next to a portrait of Zephram Cochrane. The iconic ‘ABC’ photograph idealizes Earth’s innovative spirit, yet belies the fact that most of the improvements in Cochranean warp technology and theory were the result of dialogue with more experienced cultures.

Operational experience was to be gathered as quickly as possible, so that the technology could be applied on sorely needed modern combat vessels. Thus, the Daedalus design was cut down in size thrice within four years, ending up as a modest proof-of-concept demonstrator. Characteristic of the downscaled but updated design was the application of classic Earth hull forms in an innovative configuration. A cylindrar hull outwardly similar to the old Earth designs but arranged into longitudal decks was to be attached to a command sphere by a strong tubular keel. Due to the new field configuration, the keel was off-center of both the cylinder and the sphere, providing a structural challenge to UESF engineers.

The ultra-compact, 70 m, barely 22,000 ton nacelles were also mounted out of the mass distribution centerplane. The engines, the first of the highly successful series by Cochrane Warp Dynamics to be put to operational use, and designated PB-2 in the new military propulsion block coding scheme, held the promise of providing warp three cruising. With Brodesser’s revolutionary CID powerplant, warp five could be reached for a few hours, and the wildest projections suggested a dash speed well beyond warp seven. This first dividend of the warp development project was eagerly awaited both in UESF defense and exploratory arms. The effort would finally be moving beyond test rig stage and into operational testing; production of true cruisers and destroyers would immediately follow, were the Daedalus to succeed.

Another test article shouldered on the humble survey ship was a radically compacted and improved reaction drive. Gravitics-augmented reaction engines were installed on the aft ends of the nacelles, taking the form of rings or plates perforated by tiny engine nozzles. Principal sublight engines were housed semi-externally in cowlings flanking the stern of the secondary hull. Accelerations up to 400 gravities were promised; more importantly, fuel consumption in normal operations would be halved from the semi-Newtonian requirements of classic Singh-type rockets.

Despite the downscaling, the secondary hull was to house three major mission elements. The forward compartment consisted of the main ion cascade powerplant, producing energy densities far in excess of fusion designs. Its radiators covered much of the dorsal outer surface of the hull. The second major compartment in the auxiliary hull was the shuttle hangar with stern sliding doors 20 m wide and 3 m high. Inside, pressurized corridors and locks enabled direct boarding of the two shuttlepods with the hangar unpressurized. Above the doors was an approach control room. Below, holds for storage of equipment, consumables and samples, as well as laboratories and workshops, could be directly accessed from the shuttlebay. Together with an array of probe deployment tubes, these facilities provided the actual survey muscle of the vessel, and formed the third major partition of the hull.

In the command sphere lay cramped accommodation for most of the proposed 74 crew, plus command, control and communications equipment. Also to be mounted here were self-defense plasma cannon or lasers as well as advanced sensors capable of scanning ahead 1.5 ly in realtime in ideal conditions – rather respectable combat systems for a ship officially intended for peaceful survey duty. The 300 MW lasers were the preferred fit, as they would at least serve a secondary scientific purpose as precision spectroscopy tools. In an extreme emergency, the sphere could be severed from the rest of the ship, maneuvering to safety with RCS engines and possibly even making planetfall with the help of gigantic parachutes stowed around the bridge at the top level of the sphere. Actual introduction of weaponry or planetfall gear was to wait for the completion of the test program, however.

Neither jettison systems nor defensive weapons could have saved the Daedalus from disaster when in October 5th, 2140, the entire drive chain blew up at the warp four threshold. Lost with the vessel were professor Brodesser and chief test pilot Duvall. Lost, too, was UESF confidence in the ion cascade system, and all funding was diverted to the ‘Archer drive’.

The CID testbed ship Daedalus undergoing final preparations above Earth. Unique to the experimental vessel are the large portholes, the slightly curved shapes of the forward engineering hull, the dorsal and lateral radiators and the protruding cowlings of the impulse units.

The basic design of the surveyors was still quite sound, and a more conventional powerplant choice and a slight revamping of the impulse propulsion system to conform to the new power arrangements allowed continuation of the program. The ambitious little vessel was first fielded operationally in 2145. The first regular unit completed, USS Horizon, was equipped with a fairly conventional spiked-fusion powerplant and eighteen impulse engines in a ring surrounding the stern, and entered a long period of trials at a Centauri, away from the prying eyes of the Vulcans, to verify operational safety. In 2146, the PB-2 engines were given an official clearance for warp 3 cruising to afford the Horizon and her somewhat prematurely procured sisters Archon, Kon-Tiki, Essex and Yeager active status in the UESF. Further production was also allocated for the following decade. Between 2145 and 2155, the five surveyors still comprised some 15% of Earth’s high warp fleet, and were frequently called to arms, typically hauling troops to exercises or to limited interstellar military action.

Koziumi’s neo-cubistic ‘Wings of Infinity’, adorning the offices of Advanced Starship Design Bureau. Interestingly enough, the color scheme is completely realistic for the early 2150s, from the golden forward deflector to the blue-gray hull armor and transverse tricolor stripes. Generally thought to have been painted in situ on high Martian orbit, the work in fact dates to 2159, when Koziumi no longer served aboard the Horizon.

The outbreak of open war against the Romulans revealed that Earth did not enjoy a qualitative superiority against the new enemy. Heavy starships sent to individually defend UE frontier interests were easily destroyed in detail, throwing the entire UESF defense strategy to chaos and endangering Earth itself. Compensating for the losses quantitatively was a matter of utmost urgency; the Horizons, simple to build in terms of size and complexity alike, were placed on top of the procurement list. As reports on the exact nature of the early losses started coming in, it was realized that another facet of simplicity might provide a defensive edge as well: the somewhat primitive computing systems of the Horizons would be inherently less vulnerable to Romulan cyberattacks.

The newbuilds were hastily endowed with no less than six Type C phased particle cannon, and a battery of four lasers was added to the artillery. The stern was modified to accommodate a new, more compact and capable impulse propulsion system. A final step in turning the surveyors into combat vessels was the adding of missile magazines and a twin launcher at the bow of the secondary hull, under a navigational deflector dish that also boosted tactical scanning with its subspace fields. Pennants were repainted to match the new combat corvette status, with NCC replacing NSV as the mission class identifier.

The wartime guise. The 2158 action shot of USS Pilgrim (NCC-82 in the UESF scheme) demonstrates the gunmetal color scheme, the PB-2A4 engines with their quadruple intercoolers, domed plasma diffusers and reinforced pylons, and the new ‘combat bow’ of the secondary hull. Absent are the original radiators of the ion cascade drive and the impulse engine cowlings; the new impulse drive is wholly contained in the lower part of the cylindrar add-on to the stern.

The Yeager (now NCC-76) was lost at the Deneva ambush, yet production of sister keels was well underway already. Meanwhile, the Archon (NCC-71) and Essex (NCC-73) served as wargame adversaries, while the Horizon (NCC-70) and Kon-Tiki (NCC-72) sat idle at Sol, making only short patrol runs ‘around the block’ as engineers struggled to make the ships behave as planned. The warp engines were finally accepted in their PB-2A4 form, so radically different from the miserable PB-2 that the designation was called ‘deliberately and dangerously misleading’ by the UE Senate experts who had been fooled to support the funding of the deadline-busting project. In a symbolically opposite move, UESF wholeheartedly endorsed the decision to refer to the vessels as the Daedalus class once again.

No fewer than sixty-seven Daedalus corvettes were eventually completed, nineteen of them in time for the April 2156 Berengarian counteroffensive that denied Romulans a swift and categorical victory. The stopgap nature of these vessels was painfully evidenced by the fact that seven were lost at Berengaria already, and six more during the following year of fighting. The vessels were relegated to secondary roles soon thereafter.

By 2161, the role of desperation in Earth’s starflight programs was greatly reduced, and specieism was receding as well. The survey cruiser project was back on full speed, and expert opinions from war veterans and civilian researchers alike were being collected by the newly formed Committee for Starfleet. Several modifications were made to the equipment suite of the Daedalus class, such as removal of at least four of the phase cannon as too massive and redundant, further removal of the rather ridiculous twin missile system and the lightspeed defense lasers, and installation of two warpaccelerated laser banks in their stead. Rationalizing of the armament was followed by adoption of modern mission gear, including an improved suite of short range sensors and transporters as well as tractor beams. A new generation of shipboard subspace transmitters was introduced to allow unboosted communication across twenty lightyears (although in practice, the ships often operated beyond this distance from UFP outposts). Also, multilayer subspace shielding was introduced. With this protective capacity, hull armor was rendered superfluous, and various sensor and weapon ports and even the top of the main bridge were peeled out from beneath the layers of cumbersome plating.

Specieism or not, the postwar recommissioning of the Daedalus vessels as deep space surveyors can be seen as the first baby step in Earth’s policy of taking a leading role within the UFP. Operationally, survey projects would surely have been better served by adoption of existing Vulcan or Andorian research vessels. Politically, it was important for Earth to show that it could build things besides hardstriking warships and intrusive tramps. The move yielded unexpected political dividends as well. The voyages of the Daedalus ships, from the first three-year sortie by the Horizon (now NCC-176) on, first truly revealed the extent of humanlike cultures in the sectors bordering on UFP space. The potential for a Dominion of Earth had indeed waited just beyond the rim of explored space.

Time for that was now irrevocably past, yet ambitions of influence remained. The technological standard represented by Earth’s interstellar messengers was not yet formidable enough to cement alliances with any but the least advanced worlds, but the precedent was set for Earth policy to be followed when more capable ships would be promoting it. Indeed, Earth’s contribution to Starfleet did emerge as a political force of note, first as a tool of protection against the Romulan threat, then as a peacekeeper force to settle the differences within the UFP – between the arrogantly self-conscious Tellarites, proud and reclusive Andorians, still largely enigmatic Vulcans, and the wildly multicultural peoples of the ancient Rigel colonies. Later these alliances would lead to the new members participating in exploration aboard vessels operated by the joint Federation Starfleet.

It is perhaps just a stroke of incredible luck that the second interstellar expansion of humans began in a time and place not occupied by any other expansion-driven race or alliance. Major local conflicts like the Erselrope wars raged thousands of lightyears away, but UFP had little or no knowledge of them at the time. Nor did humans have the slightest idea of the powers they had unleashed when unwittingly challenging the Klingon Empire. The Daedalus ships encountered little resistance in their journeys, letting the war-weary veterans of the Romulan conflict commanding them to establish the network of alliances in the spirit of peace and cooperation. Still, their trusting and easygoing attitude in encounters with near-human cultures led to varying degrees of cultural contamination and in fact proved neardisastrous in later contacts with more alien mindsets.

Shuttlecraft on approach to USS Essex. The ship is seen in UFP Starfleet duty in 2163, in the new light beige paint scheme with high-visibility NCC registries, sporting PB-13 deep space warp nacelles. Visually identifiable gunports are gone now, replaced by a range of sensor orifices. The ‘combat bow’ is cut off and the stump faired over, restoring the looks of the Essex close to those of her late sister from quarter a century before. The cramped little design would continue service for another quarter, but fate would not be so kind to the Essex herself.

While the first application of the asymmetric field configuration had not resulted in a revolution in warp technology, it had at least proved that warp three cruising was attainable without the miracle powerplants of Archer or Brodesser. Some engineers said this meant that the winning formula had been found, that all that stood between Starfleet and warp ten now was the lack of a power source potent and reliable enough. Others still claimed that there had to be a good reason why none of the neighboring cultures had managed to develop ships capable of speeds exceeding warp seven, and that further breakthroughs in warp coil design and field manipulation would be needed as well. But this was still in far future when Starfleet in 2196 retired the last of the Daedalus ships from exploration use.

Most of the surveyors were scrapped, but a few were modified to serve as support vessels for UESPA, FAS and SCE activities, and some were sold as light cargo ships for civilian applications. USS Archon (NCC-189), USS Horizon (NCC-176) and USS Essex (NCC-173) had been lost in exploration action, while USS Lindbergh (NCC-177) had in 2188 succumbed to a Klingon raid in military picket duty, for which she was ill equipped.

Gallery

  • Port aspect
    Port aspect
  • Bow aspect
    Bow aspect
  • Dorsal aspect
    Dorsal aspect
  • Stern aspect
    Stern aspect
  • Ventral aspect
    Ventral aspect
  • Forward dorsal view
    Forward dorsal view
  • Starboard (refit)
    Starboard (refit)
  • Bow (refit)
    Bow (refit)
  • Dorsal (refit)
    Dorsal (refit)
  • Forward dorsal (refit)
    Forward dorsal (refit)
  • Stern (refit)
    Stern (refit)
  • Ventral (refit)
    Ventral (refit)
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